Do I Let Differences Fester?

A Sermon By Jim Hammond from (1 Corinthians 1:10-17)

Has anyone here ever been a part of a church that had problems? I’ve been thinking a lot this week about a church with a lot of problems.

This church I’m thinking of had leaders who were promoting themselves against each other.

This church that I’m thinking of had a member who was having an affair. And that affair was with his stepmother. Many in the church knew about it, but rather than addressing it, the church allowed him to boast of the freedom he had in Christ. Can you imagine that!?

The church I’m thinking of had all of this and more. In the same church Christians were bringing lawsuits against each other; and other members were visiting prostitutes. Add to that the fact that in this church there was great disagreement about men’s and women’s roles in the church.

The church I’m thinking of also had alleged prophecies and speaking in tongues that took place in a chaotic fashion during the worship services making the whole worship experience rather confusing and chaotic.

Within this church that I’m thinking of, many members didn’t even believe in the resurrection of Christ!

Maybe that is hard to imagine, but the church I’m thinking of is the church in Corinth that Paul wrote to. Perhaps you thought a church with problems was a modern phenomenon. Yet I’ve never been a part of a church that had as many problems as the church in Corinth, a church that Paul started, and a church that Paul was greatly concerned about. The good news is that the problem wracked church received instruction on many practical matters. I’m glad it had problems because we learn from the instruction they received.

Have you ever found a Christian group that doesn’t have any problems? If so, don’t join it—you’ll ruin everything!

We are about to embark on a study based on the first letter to Corinth, commonly called First Corinthians. The study we will start will be called Corinthian Questions. I’m calling it Corinthian Questions because we will be considering the following questions based on this letter:

Corinthian Questions

Do I Let Differences Fester? (1:10-17)

Do I Know What I Believe? 1:18-2:16

Do I Put People on a Pedestal? (3)

Do I Lean Towards Arrogance? (4)

Do I Compromise My Purity (5, 6:12-20)

Do I honor God on the Marriage and Singleness question? (7)

Do I Cause My Brother To Stumble? (8)

Do I Yield My Rights? (9)

Do I Train the Desires of My Heart? (10)

Do I Judge Myself? (11)

Do I Bury My Gifts? (12)

Do I Serve Because Of Love? (13)

Do I Need A Church Bulletin? (14)

Do I Cling To What's Most Important? (15)

Do I Light Up A Room? (16)

We will be taking a look at these problems and others and evaluate our own lives. The question we will consider today is, Do I Let Differences Fester?

UNITY

Comedian Emo Philips tells the following story, as quoted in the New Republic:

In conversation with a person I had recently met, I asked, "Are you Protestant or Catholic?"

My new acquaintance replied, "Protestant."

I said, "Me, too! What franchise?"

He answered, "Baptist."

"Me, too!" I said. "Northern Baptist or Southern Baptist?"

"Northern Baptist," he replied.

"Me, too!" I shouted.

We continue to go back and forth. Finally I asked, "Northern conservative fundamentalist Baptist, Great Lakes Region, Council of 1879 or Northern conservative fundamentalist Baptist, Great Lakes Region, Council of 1912?"

He replied, "Northern conservative fundamentalist Baptist, Great Lakes Region, Council of 1912."

I said, "Die, YOU heretic!"

Focus: Prideful disunity within Christendom remains as one of the greatest scandals that compromise our witness today. Do I let differences fester into greater conflicts or do I take corrective action to clear up the confusion?

Jesus prayed in John 17:20 -23 (NIV),

²⁰“My prayer is not for them alone. I pray also for those who will believe in me through their message, ²¹that all of them may be one, Father, just as you are in me and I am in you. May they also be in us so that the world may believe that you have sent me. ²²I have given them the glory that you gave me, that they may be one as we are one: ²³I in them and you in me. May they be brought to complete unity to let the world know that you sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me.

It becomes immediately obvious as we read the Paul’s letter to Corinth that they were struggling with factions and divisions. This church had groups rallying around certain personalities. Some rallied around the name of Paul. Some rallied around the name of Apollos. Some Rallied around the name of Cephas. Others perhaps were saying, you guys are all wet, we should rally around Christ, not those names.

At the beginning of their worship service, if Paul were in attendance he might say, "Now, while the instruments play, please shake hands with two people who aren't in your clique." [i]

I. Don’t Let Differences Fester into Factions

1 Corinthians 1:10-17 I appeal to you, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you agree with one another so that there may be no divisions among you and that you may be perfectly united in mind and thought. ¹¹My brothers, some from Chloe’s household have informed me that there are quarrels among you. ¹²What I mean is this: One of you says, “I follow Paul”; another, “I follow Apollos”; another, “I follow Cephas^£“; still another, “I follow Christ.”

¹³Is Christ divided? Was Paul crucified for you? Were you baptized into^£ the name of Paul? ¹⁴I am thankful that I did not baptize any of you except Crispus and Gaius, ¹⁵so no one can say that you were baptized into my name. ¹⁶(Yes, I also baptized the household of Stephanas; beyond that, I don’t remember if I baptized anyone else.) ¹⁷For Christ did not send me to baptize, but to preach the gospel—not with words of human wisdom, lest the cross of Christ be emptied of its power.

It has been 2,000 years and we still can’t seem to get some of these early problems solved very well. People rally around names today as the Corinthians did in their day letting divisiveness fester. Some rally around the name of Luther. Some rally around the name of Wesley. Some rally around the name of Calvin. Others use more generic names to rally around—Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist. Then there are others who have come along and said, come on you guys you are all wet. Let’s just rally around Christ! But even as we do it, and this is the attempt of our church roots, we might be allowing divisions to fester rather than heal!

Let me ask you a question? How many of you came from a Baptist background? Lutheran? Wesleyan? Catholic? Presbyterian? Christian Church, Disciples of Christ, or Church of Christ? Assemblies of God? Charismatic? Independent? We have come from many backgrounds but we are ONE in Christ. But we must take care not to consider ourselves so distinct that we become factious and divided from these other groups.

Paul did not say to the group that said, “We are of Christ” that they were the correct ones. He knew that they were letting the differences fester also. We need to focus on the source of our unity. What unites us is Christ and what he did on the cross for us, allowing us to partake of the One Spirit, and One Baptism, the One Faith that unites us. It doesn’t matter the background. The question is do you have a relationship with Christ? Sometimes we become divided on what we believe, or how we should worship, but we aren’t divided on who we believe, and who we worship. Christ is not divided, so we must work to make sure the Body of Christ, his church, is not divided.

A. How to Deal With Differences

1. Stand Together On The Highest Common Ground (Essentials. . .)

I have a difficulty with any ecumenical organization that unites based on the lowest common denominator. Our unity is not based on the lowest common denominator but upon Christ, and the Cross. This is the Gospel Core which establishes unity for Churches. You have heard the saying: In Essentials, unity; In non-essentials, liberty; And in All things Love. The highest Common Ground is essential. It is at the foot of the cross, and is level ground there in the sense that we are all equal before God—all who are in the body of Christ are sinners saved by grace.

No matter how problem filled the Corinthian church was, Paul still called them “Brothers”.

(1:10-11) I appeal to you, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you agree with one another so that there may be no divisions among you and that you may be perfectly united in mind and thought. ¹¹My brothers, some from Chloe’s household have informed me that there are quarrels among you.

All Christians are part of God’s family and share a unity that runs even deeper than that of blood brothers and sisters. There is an interesting truth about families. Though families should be the model of unity, and sometimes they are, family disputes can be the most insane, and violent of all disputes. Police officers consider domestic violence situations to be one of the most dangerous calls. Why is it that we put on a good face for acquaintances and let all the worst side hang out with family members? It gets particularly ugly when this kind of behavior comes out in a church family. All the things that should not happen do. All the things that should not be said are said. Things that should not be done are done. Christ’s body is ripped, and broken again, lacerated to shreds. The cat of nine tails scourging whip is placed in the hand of the Christian when he takes to task his brother in ways that divide Christ. He is not whipping the enemy, he is taking the scourge to Christ himself. Is Christ divided? Paul asks. The expected answer is. NO. Yet some Christians are the ones doing the damage. WE MUST TAKE OURSELVES BACK TO THE CROSS TO RECEIVE FORGIVENESS, THAT WE MIGHT EXTEND FORGIVENESS.

2. Sit Together to Understand the Differences (non-essentials. . .)

In the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15:5-9 we read about Christians with radical differences.

Acts 15:5 through Acts 15:9 (NIV) ⁵Then some of the believers who belonged to the party of the Pharisees stood up and said, “The Gentiles must be circumcised and required to obey the law of Moses.”

⁶The apostles and elders met to consider this question. ⁷After much discussion, Peter got up and addressed them: “Brothers, you know that some time ago God made a choice among you that the Gentiles might hear from my lips the message of the gospel and believe. ⁸God, who knows the heart, showed that he accepted them by giving the Holy Spirit to them, just as he did to us. ⁹He made no distinction between us and them, for he purified their hearts by faith.

There were believers in Jesus Christ from the sect of the Pharisees. There were Gentile believers in Christ. There were also Jewish Christians. Notice that God made a choice to break through the prideful prejudices and cultural barriers that kept people apart. At this council a determination was made that these Gentiles were one with believing Jews because they both were made acceptable to God by the blood of Christ.

When we stand together on the highest common ground we are made one by the shed blood of Christ. This Oneness is not a oneness without differences. This oneness embraces the differences while standing together on the highest common ground!

It is God’s Will: That We are Different

We have already noted how there were radical differences among Christians in the Church from the very beginning. At the council of Jerusalem in Acts 15, they did not decide everybody had to be alike in their expressions of worship and lifestyles. They decided that the differences had to do with non-essentials not essentials.

So what does Paul mean in this letter to the Corinthians when he wrote,

1 Corinthians 1:10: I appeal to you, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you agree with one another so that there may be no divisions among you and that you may be perfectly united in mind and thought.

Since we are so different, how can he expect us to “perfectly united in mind and thought”? He tells what it is that unites us, and upon what we are to be “perfectly united in mind and thought” in verse 17.

¹⁷For Christ did not send me to baptize, but to preach the gospel—not with words of human wisdom, lest the cross of Christ be emptied of its power.

The Gospel of the power of the cross is what unites us. It is upon this, the Wisdom of God that we are to be agreed, perfectly united in mind and thought. We need to agree upon God’s wisdom, not Man’s. God’s wisdom was the cross, something the world sees as a foolish message.

Church should be a place where people who have no other natural reason for associating with each other come together in love. Church should be a place where it doesn’t matter what color you are, or what economic status you are, or from what generation you came. We all stand on level ground worshipping the same God when we see ourselves as saved by the grace of the cross.

The place to address the festering differences is the cross. The cross, or the Gospel is the place to begin. We are all standing on level ground here. Before God, we are all the same here. We were all sinners, but now in Christ we are all forgiven. As we each from different “positions” look to the one, and love the one savior we are drawn to him. As we are drawn to him, we are drawing closer to one another. The moment we look away from him and at each other’s “problem”, we are distancing ourselves from him, as we distance ourselves from each other.

Essential differences are like the wounds of a splinter festering. The essential difference needs to be removed before the wound will heal. So, Paul tells the arrogant boastful, wrong church to expel the brother who was justifying living in sin with his step mother. The festering difference was essential, and would cause blood poisoning and threatened to kill the entire body.

However, many of the differences between Churches and between Christians can be celebrated. Many differences are by God’s design and non-Essential. Paul will later say,

1 Corinthians 12:4 through 1 Corinthians 12:6 (NIV) ⁴There are different kinds of gifts, but the same Spirit. ⁵There are different kinds of service, but the same Lord. ⁶There are different kinds of working, but the same God works all of them in all men.

1 Corinthians 12:12 (NIV) ¹²The body is a unit, though it is made up of many parts; and though all its parts are many, they form one body. So it is with Christ.

These non-essential, and God ordained differences are differences that must not fester, but foster!

Most Differences are Over Non-Essential

Even within our own church as united as we are--and honestly, I know of no other church any more united than ourselves—we must take care not to allow our differences to fester into factions. Let me explain. There are many divisions over matters not fundamental to the preserving of the true gospel of Jesus. What are some of our differences? We have a multi-generational church. As a result, we have multi-generational differences of preferences when it comes to worship styles. At this point I would like to commend to you, our seniors. Our church has a powerful witness because people who don’t feel as comfortable with contemporary music, who don’t naturally like it, and although they feel more comfortable with only the old hymns and naturally like that style, in effect have agreed to learn to sing what they don’t naturally like, because they agree with a greater priority. They agree with the concept of reaching out to the younger generation.

Our church does offer these favorite hymns, and seniors who come on Tuesday Morning at 10 AM thoroughly enjoy these hymns. The youth also should be commended. They don’t naturally enjoy the rather subdued slow stuff we sing on Sunday mornings. Our church also provides separate occasions for the young people to worship in ways that are more exuberant and natural to them on Wednesday nights. The band is quite something! We have a powerful witness to this community. Our church has matured to the point of having a multi-generational church that is not currently in a factious division over music styles. We are living with the tensions but holding on to that which unites us rather than harboring those things that divide us. The leadership of this church, the board and others, is to be commended for looking for ways to meet the needs of every generation. The board is to be commended for encouraging blended ministries and specialized ministries. That kind of unity is the goal.

Maybe an illustration will help the church in Cottonwood understand unity in the midst of diversity. I had the privilege of sharing some of the following thoughts in two other churches from differing denominations while standing with the two other pastors. We called the message of unity "Side by Side." Don't you just love ice cream? What are the most important ingredients for making ice cream? What are essential and non essential ingredients? Non-Essential ingredients create the different flavors of ice cream, whereas essential ingredients are what makes ice cream, ice cream. Churches are the same way. There are as many flavors of churches as there are flavors of ice cream. There are essential beliefs that make us Christian, and there are non essential ingredients that make for different kinds of churches. We should also mention the fact that there are also churches that may claim to be Christian but they are not, because they are missing the essential ingredients that make them Christian. Let's call this last group "wolves in sheep's clothing" or in the world of ice cream, let's call it ice milk.

When it comes to worship style, the church to which I am called is kind of vanilla flavored compared to one of the churches I worshipped with when we presented the message "Side by Side". This is neither bad nor good, it just is. Now in the world of ice cream I liked cappuccino flavored ice cream from "Scoops" when it was in business. But in the world of worship I tend to be kind of vanilla. I have noticed that some churches are more vanilla and others are more, I don't know, "CLAPuccino"? [They enjoyed my humorous description of their lively worship]. The attempt to work together side by side must not become an ecumenical organization. We are not trying to blend all the flavors into one flavor. That would mean compromising our distinctive flavors. We do not need to be brought to uniformity to be a unity. We do not want this kind of conformity, and neither does God. I believe it was God's choice to make different "flavors" of churches (see Acts 15 again). The New Testament decision was not to have the Gentile Christians conform to the Jewish flavored Christianity. Why? Because he reaches different kinds of people with different flavors of Christianity. The important thing is that all flavors are flavors of the real thing. They must have the essential ingredients.

We need to honor the differences of other life giving churches that agree on the essentials and absolutes of scripture. Paul called these essentials the things of "first importance." Note what is of first importance according to the Bible. "For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures" (1 Corinthians 15:3- 4). To Paul it didn't matter who preached the Gospel, or even what motivated the preaching. The important thing was that Christ was being preached and people were entering a saving relationship with Jesus Christ (cf. Philippians 1:18). In the same chapter that he described the things of first importance he added, "Whether, then, it was I or they, this is what we preach, and this is what you believed" (1 Corinthians 15:11). These "first things" are the basis of our unity, it is always secondary things that are the basis of differences among Christians. This leads us to the next two very important points.

3. Walk Together toward the Common Cause

WE ARE ONE FOR A REASON. Jesus gives the reason in his prayer in John 17:23, "May they be brought to complete unity to let the world know that you sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me." One of the reasons non believers grow suspicious of Christianity is that it appears to them that Christians cannot agree on anything. Life Giving churches do agree on the essentials, namely, the Gospel (why Christ came and what that does for us) and the Mission (the need to proclaim that gospel so that people can be saved). I believe working side by side with other life giving churches in our community makes it harder for people to go to hell from our community.

WE ARE DIFFERENT FOR A REASON. If it is God that chose us to be one, and God that made us one in the midst of our differences then, both our unity and our diversity work to advance the purposes of God. We need to celebrate our differences. Just like we admit there is a market for many different flavors of ice cream, we must admit that a variety of approaches reaches a variety of people. God understands this. We should celebrate and affirm differences that are not essential differences. We are one. We are different. We need to celebrate both. Both are for a purpose. God's purpose for our unity, and our differences is for the most effective "marketing," if I dare use that term, of the real thing. What's the real thing? The real thing is the real Jesus who said, he was The Way, The Life, and The Truth, and The ONLY way to the Father (see John 14:6-7; Acts 4:12; 1 John 2:22; 5:11-12). That essential ingredient is a relationship with the person of Jesus Christ. I rejoice that there are many different churches that are preaching the same Gospel, the same Jesus. It's when people or churches preach a different Gospel that we need to be concerned about our differences. Paul also makes this very clear--a different Gospel puts you in danger of damnation (cf. Galatians 1:6- 9). Let us rally around Jesus Christ and obey his command to go into the world. Let us do so in unity so that the world might know that God sent Jesus to save us (cf. John 17:23).

B. How to manage the Differences that Cause Conflict

The mark of community--true biblical unity--is not the absence of conflict but the presence of a reconciling spirit.

What do you do when there's one man who is hell-bent on his personal agenda, though it has to do with his church, and everybody else senses that the Holy Spirit is taking us much broader and deeper? You wash his feet.

One day an Anglican priest came to our church to talk with me and pray for me, and I wasn't in. He asked the secretary if he could go into our sanctuary and pray for me and for our church. She said, "By all means." And she led him in and watched as he went and knelt down by our pulpit and prayed there for twenty minutes for me and our church.

Later I discovered that his prayer had been that we in the Alliance at the North Shore would not lose the vision of A.B. Simpson. I laughed when I heard him pray that for the first time. I thought, You're an Anglican, and you're more Alliance than we are. When I told my congregation about what the rector had done, their hearts were warmed, and they began to love Anglicans. Now, when our people drive by St. Simon's church, they bless the congregation at St. Simon's. [ii]

I don’t know how you feel about other denominations. Sometimes there are outright hostilities toward others. Sometimes for example, “non-charismatic” churches (i.e. churches that don’t practice speaking in tongues, healing services) blast at the perceived errors or abuses in charismatic churches. I want you to know something to help dispel some bad feelings. For years I have been praying together with Pastors. Did you know that on many Sunday Mornings for years, Randy Sutter, the Vineyard Pastor came to pray for our church before he went to his church for final preparations? Did you know that in the many challenges this church has faced there have been many Pastors from various denominational backgrounds praying for us? Do you know that for 10 years now I have been praying that other churches in our community with some different beliefs about the periphery of our faith, with some different styles of worship might have the same great love for the core of our faith--the person and work of Christ. This is a good thing, I think. Recently the Pastors’ prayer group moved locations to pray on site at the Verde Baptist Church while they were undergoing some serious challenges during their building program.

It is not just the conflicts between denominations that we need to be aware of. Reconciliation is needed wherever the unity of the Body of Christ is being damaged by conflict. Before one can work toward reconciliation, however, it is helpful to identify the level of conflict.

A Parable of the Splinter

About 8 or 9 years ago, my son Luke who was about 3 or maybe 4 at the time, fell on some of the older playground equipment that we used to have here at the church. As he fell, he snagged his arm on some splintering wood. A large splinter approximately 1 inch long went into his arm and broke off beneath the surface. It literally went below the surface about an eighth of an inch and was about to reemerge on the other side of the curve of his fore arm. In trying to extract it, I could see where it was poking the skin out from the point on the other side. I could see right away that this was a job for a doctor not a dad. We brought him to the emergency room, and they made a cut where the splinter was about to come through on the other side and extracted it from both directions since it had broken in the middle. They told us it was a good thing we came right away to have it removed, since the longer one waits the greater the likelihood the splinter will become soft and pulpy, festering quickly and much more difficult to remove

That splinter is a good picture of an ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCE that needed to be removed. Paul addresses an example of this later in his letter. The point is that some differences will fester on their own and bring poisons to the body and kill it. They must be removed.

However, NON-ESSENTIAL DIFFERENCES are more like a wound without a splinter. What causes the festering is someone poking and prodding, and lifting the bandage, then poking again with his dirty little hands. Do this enough and a wound caused by some difference that might have healed given a chance, festers to point of damaging the entire body.

I want you to know the difference between essential and non-essential differences. Essential differences have to do with the corruption of the Gospel—who Jesus is, what he has done.

I want you to be affirmed this morning as a church. I believe we have been doing a good job uniting on the purpose of the Gospel. Submitting our individual wants and preferences, to what is best for growth and reaching others for Christ of all generations.

That’s what I want you to know, and that’s what I want you to feel. But there is something I want you to do.

I want you to take these principles and ask yourself the question, “Have I let differences fester? And if I have, what part of the wounding can I own responsibility for? Can I come to the base of the cross, and say, “Father, forgive me.” As we hear the words of Jesus from the Cross saying “Father them” while we have been dividing the Body of Christ, literally opening the wounds. Can I then say with Jesus, about those from whom the differences have cause us the most pain, “Father, forgive them.”?

Would you take some moments there at the base of the cross. Have you been offended? Are there wounds festering? Will you receive the healing balm of forgiveness, then apply that salve of healing forgiveness to the offender? It is your choice. But it is a choice God has asked you to make.

(For those of you who listened to the message as presented at VVCC, the following was the portion omitted for lack of time. Jesus said, “seek and you will find.” Those of you who took the time to seek the message here on the net get the bonus of filling in the blanks that were omitted in Sunday’s message)

1. Identify the Level of Conflict

For a description of these 5 levels, with slightly different titles (I modified some of them) see the following links the: 5 Levels Summary, and an article by Marlin Thomas

Level 1: “Not A Problem”—Problem

Philippians 2:1-2 (NIV) ¹If you have any encouragement from being united with Christ, if any comfort from his love, if any fellowship with the Spirit, if any tenderness and compassion, ²then make my joy complete by being like-minded, having the same love, being one in spirit and purpose.

Level 2: A Definite Disagreement

The second type of conflict is a definite disagreement. In this type of conflict people become more concerned about getting their way than solving the problem. They forget about Phil. 2:1-2, and begin to put themselves ahead of everyone else. (See what Phil. 2:3-4 has to say about that.)

Philippians 2:3-5 (NIV) ³Do nothing out of selfish ambition or vain conceit, but in humility consider others better than yourselves. ⁴Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of others. ⁵Your attitude should be the same as that of Christ Jesus:

The only real solution here is for someone to say, “I think we’ve gotten off track here. I find myself focusing more on what I want than on what others want. Let’s slow things down, make a list of how each of us sees things, and find a way to resolve the issue in a way that honors how each of us believes God wants us to proceed.” That approach allows them to return to the principles of the Level One “not a problem” problem, and takes it out of the arena of talking about personal hurts and desires.

Level 3: A Contest

Moved to drawing up sides. Everyone knows which side they are on and who’s right, who’s wrong. Tension mounts, and the other side is blamed for the bad feelings that exist. The gap widens, and the contest often turns into ugliness.

The only way to resolve level 3 is through confession of wrongs (sin) in action and attitude, and return to principles of Level 1. Outside help may be needed.

Level 4: “Fight or Flee”

Those who don’t threaten to leave find all kinds of ways to fight the other side – in a weird kind of Christian crusade. They speak of “evil in the church,” and the need for revival (meaning, again, revival that will cause others to see things their way). People hold secret meetings, and mention “unspoken prayer requests” in their public prayer times. Some people’s feelings become hard, and others become hysterical. There is no longer any middle ground. Outside help is needed at this level.

Level 5: “Over My Dead Body”

"Officially, the results of the vote are forty 'yes,' seven 'no,' and one 'over my dead body.' "[iii]

By this time some have left the church, and those who remain dig in for the long haul. They accuse those on the other side as being filled with evil, or led by Satan. If they love anyone, they only love those who agree with them and join them in their fight for what they believe is right. Sometimes they even involve people who have already left the church, in their efforts to keep fighting “to the death.”

[i] Cartoonist Bret Legg in Leadership Journal, Vol. 13, no. 1.

[ii] Brian Buhler, "The Ultimate Community," Preaching Today, Tape No. 146.

[iii] Cartoonist Tim Liston in Leadership Journal, Vol. 11, no. 3.